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WASHINGTON (AP) — More than half of Muslim Americans in a new poll
say government anti-terrorism policies single them out for
increased surveillance and monitoring, and many report increased
cases of name-calling, threats and harassment by airport security,
law enforcement officers and others.
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Still, most Muslim Americans say they are satisfied with the way
things are going in the U.S. and rate their communities highly as
places to live.
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The survey by the Pew Research Center, one of the most exhaustive
ever of the country’s Muslims, finds no signs of rising alienation
or anger among Muslim-Americans despite recent U.S. government
concerns about homegrown Islamic terrorism and controversy over the
building of mosques.
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“This confirms what we’ve said all along: American Muslims are well
integrated and happy, but with a kind of lingering sense of being
besieged by growing anti-Muslim sentiment in our society,” said
Ibrahim Hooper, spokesman for the Council on American-Islamic
Relations, a Washington, D.C.-based Muslim civil rights
group.
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“People contact us every day about concerns they’ve had,
particularly with law enforcement authorities in this post-9/11
era,” he said.
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Muslim extremists hijacked four passenger planes on Sept. 11, 2001,
crashing them into the World Trade Center, the Pentagon and a field
in Shanksville, Pa.
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In all, 52 percent of Muslim Americans surveyed said their group is
singled out by government for terrorist surveillance. Almost as
many – 43 percent – reported they had personally experienced
harassment in the past year, according to the poll released
Tuesday.
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That 43 percent share of people reporting harassment is up from 40
percent in 2007, the first time Pew polled Muslim
Americans.
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Asked to identify in what ways they felt bias, about 28 percent
said they had been treated or viewed with suspicion by people,
while 22 percent said they were called offensive names. About 21
percent said they were singled out by airport security because they
were Muslim, while another 13 percent said they were targeted by
other law enforcement officials. Roughly 6 percent said they had
been physically threatened or attacked.
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On the other hand, the share of Muslim Americans who view U.S.
anti-terror policies as “sincere” efforts to reduce international
terrorism now surpasses those who view them as insincere – 43
percent to 41 percent. Four years ago, during the presidency of
George W. Bush, far more viewed U.S. anti-terrorism efforts as
insincere than sincere – 55 percent to 26 percent.
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The vast majority of Muslim Americans – 79 percent – rate their
communities as either “excellent” or “good” places to live, even
among many who reported an act of vandalism against a mosque or a
controversy over the building of an Islamic center in their
neighborhoods.
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They also are now more likely to say they are satisfied with the
current direction of the country – 56 percent, up from 38 percent
in 2007. That is in contrast to the general U.S. public, whose
satisfaction has dropped from 32 percent to 23 percent.
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Andrew Kohut, Pew president, said in an interview that Muslim
Americans’ overall level of satisfaction was striking.
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“I was concerned about a bigger sense of alienation, but there was
not,” Kohut said, contrasting the U.S. to many places in Europe
where Muslims have become more separatist. “You don’t see any
indication of brewing negativity. When you look at their attitudes,
these are still middle-class, mainstream people who want to be
loyal to America.”
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The latest numbers come amid increased U.S. attention on the risks
of homegrown terrorism after the London transit bombings in 2005.
The problem has been especially pressing for President Barack
Obama, with federal investigators citing a greater risk of attacks
by a “lone wolf” or small homegrown cells following the 2009 Fort
Hood shooting and the Times Square bombing attempt last
year.
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Such terror warnings have stirred raw emotions as the U.S.
struggles to talk about religion in the context of
terrorism.
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Tensions erupted last summer over plans to build a mosque near the
Ground Zero site in New York City after critics assailed it as an
insult to the victims of the 9/11 attacks. Rep. Peter King, R-N.Y.,
held House hearings earlier this year to examine whether American
Muslims are becoming “radicalized” to attack the U.S., declaring
that U.S. Muslims are doing too little to fight terror.
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The Associated Press reported last week that with CIA guidance, the
New York Police Department dispatched undercover officers into
minority neighborhoods, scrutinized imams and gathered intelligence
on cab drivers and food cart vendors, jobs often done by
Muslims.
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It is now common in U.S. mosques for Muslims to preface public
remarks by saying that they know the government is eavesdropping
but Muslims have nothing to hide.
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Still, one factor behind the somewhat upbeat sentiment of Muslim
Americans is the 2008 election of Obama, who pledged to improve
relations with the Muslim world. Muslim Americans who vote largely
identify themselves as Democrats, and fully 76 percent of those
surveyed say they approve of Obama’s job performance, compared with
15 percent in 2007 who approved of Bush’s performance.
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Regarding possible terror risks, about 21 percent of Muslim
Americans say there is “a great deal” or “a fair amount” of support
for extremism in their communities, according to the Pew survey.
About 81 percent of Muslim Americans separately say suicide
bombings and other forms of violence against civilians are never
justified in order to defend Islam, and growing numbers also
express an unfavorable view of al-Qaida – 81 percent compared with
68 percent in 2007.
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In all, nearly half say that Muslim leaders in the U.S. must do
more to speak out against Islamic extremists, compared with
one-third who say Muslim-American leaders have done
enough.
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The findings offer an uncommon portrait of the Muslim American
community, which Pew estimates at roughly 2.75 million, or nearly 1
percent of the U.S. population. By law, the Census Bureau does not
ask about people’s religions, so extensive details about Muslim
American views, their size and demographics as a group are not
widely known.
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Mostly foreign-born immigrants, Muslim Americans are significantly
younger, more likely to be male and more racially diverse than the
public as a whole. They express a broad willingness to adopt U.S.
customs and are just as likely as the rest of Americans to hold a
college degree.
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For example:
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-When asked to choose, nearly half of Muslims in the U.S. say they
think of themselves first as Muslim, rather than as American.
Roughly 60 percent say that most Muslims come to the U.S. to adopt
the American way of life and see no conflict between being a devout
Muslim and living in a modern society.
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-Foreign-born Muslims in the U.S. come from at least 77 different
countries, led by Pakistan, Iran, the Palestinian territories,
Bangladesh, Yemen, Jordan and Iraq. About 70 percent of
foreign-born Muslims report they are now naturalized U.S. citizens,
higher than the 47 percent rate for the broader immigrant
population in the U.S.
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-Muslim Americans are more likely than Muslims in the Middle East
to say a way can be found for the state of Israel to exist so that
Palestinian rights are addressed – 62 percent say this, compared
with a range of 13 to 40 percent in other countries surveyed by
Pew. That 62 percent share compares with 67 percent among the
general U.S. public who hold this view.
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The Pew survey is based on telephone interviews with 1,033 Muslims
in the U.S., conducted in English, Arabic, Farsi or Urdu from April
14 to July 22. Subjects were chosen at random, from a separate list
of households including some with Muslim-sounding names, and from
Muslim households that had answered previous surveys.
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The poll has a margin of error of plus or minus 5 percentage
points.
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AP Deputy Polling Director Jennifer Agiesta contributed to this
report.
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